Rail transit systems rely on multiple subsystems (signal, communication, power, etc.), making integration challenging and prone to inefficiencies.
Maintenance of complex rail infrastructure and equipment is costly, time-consuming, and resource-intensive.
Insufficient real-time monitoring and delayed fault detection compromise passenger safety and operational reliability.
Most critical automation and control systems in rail transit are dominated by foreign suppliers, posing risks to infrastructure security.
Suboptimal management of energy-intensive systems like lighting, air conditioning, and traction power leads to excessive operational costs.
Existing rail systems struggle to accommodate growing passenger demand and expanding networks without significant upgrades.